Halloween & Christmas? Similar or Different? Essay

At the point when you consider Christmas and Halloween you imagine that they are two totally various occasions. Be that as it may, are they truly, are they totally extraordinary or are they something very similar simply celebrated at various occasions in the year. Well that is the thing that we are going to discover. Christmas celebrated on December 25 and Halloween celebrated on October 31 extraordinary occasions with numerous inquiries to be replied. Gives start with Halloween since that starts things out access the year. Halloween is an occasion celebrated around evening time on October 31st. The word Halloween is shortening All Hallows’ Evening otherwise called Hallowe’en or All Hallows’ Eve. The customary exercises incorporate stunt or-rewarding, blazes, outfit parties, visiting â€Å"haunted houses† and cutting or painting pumpkins into jack-o-lights. Irish and Scottish foreigners conveyed adaptations of the custom to North America in the nineteenth century. Other western nations grasp the occasion in the late twentieth century including Ireland, the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom just as Australia and New Zealand. The old Gaels accepted that on October 31, the limits between the universes of the living and the dead covered and the expired would return to life and cause devastation, for example, disorder or harmed crops. The nations this unnerving occasion is commended in are; Austria, Korea, Belgium, Mexico (day of the dead), Canada, Latin America, China, Spain, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, England, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, and Japan. Christmas is both a sacrosanct strict occasion and an overall social and business marvel. For two centuries, individuals around the globe have been watching it with conventions and practices that are both strict and common in nature. Christians observe Christmas Day as the commemoration of the introduction of Jesus of Nazareth, a profound pioneer whose lessons structure the premise of their religion. Well known traditions incorporate trading presents, adorning Christmas trees, going to chapel, imparting suppers to loved ones and, obviously, sitting tight for Santa Claus to show up. December 25â€Christmas Dayâ€has been a government occasion in the United States since 1870.

The Things They Carried Essay Example for Free

The Things They Carried Essay Each work of writing has a repetitive topic. Regardless of whether it is about an adoration, blame or a longing for vengeance, each character goes over a battle between their energy and duty. The Things They Carried highlights numerous characters that beat clashes. Jimmy cross battles with his duty to his men just as his affection for a lady that doesn't cherish him back. Lieutenant Jimmy Cross is a youthful, joyful man who is as yet scanning for his future. Without acknowledging what he was getting himself into, he applies for the Reserve Officers Training Corps at his school in New Jersey. A considerable lot of his companions realized he couldn't have cared less about the war. Indeed, even Cross himself never thought about it. He never figured he would really do battle by taking the Reserve Officers Training Corps course. Soon thereafter, he is drafted to the war as Lieutenant of a few men under his charge, and he is uncertain about all that he does. He wanted to be a group chief, not to mention lead a gathering of men into a visually impaired war. As of recently he was drafted, Jimmy Cross couldn't have cared less for the war and what was going on. Being just a sophomore in school, he was as yet a youngster with no experience when it came to war and being Lieutenant. As the war goes on, Cross starts to get a handle on that he is liable for the wellbeing of his own men. In spite of the fact that he would not like to be, he comprehended that somebody must be the pioneer. While they were all in Vietnam for the war, Jimmy Cross’ men discover him wandering off in fantasy land much of the time. His brain was on Martha, a lady he became hopelessly enamored with while going to school in New Jersey. Indeed, even he would get himself wandering off in fantasy land about old recollections of her and what his future would resemble with Martha. Lieutenant Cross conveyed different tokens of his affection for her. He would regularly peruse letters from her and look at her photos she sent him. He realized she didn't adore him back like how he cherished her. Cross wished things were distinctive among them. He needed her to adore him back yet he realized that was unrealistic. At the point when Ted Lavender passed on, Jimmy accused himself. He felt remorseful for not looking out for his men when they required him the most. He ought to have spared Lavender however rather, his brain was loaded up with contemplations of Martha, a lady who gave no sign of regularly cherishing him back. Thus, Lieutenant Jimmy Cross battles to settle on the correct choice for his men and consumes all letters, photos and recollections of Martha. His battle for Martha’s love shielded him from securing his men and he presently holds blame for Lavender’s demise profound inside. Lieutenant Jimmy Cross battled all through the novel as often as possible. He had clashes with what he needed from Martha, and his duty to his fighters. At long last, Cross strides up and assumes responsibility for his circumstance. He turns into the pioneer that everybody anticipates that him should be by surrendering Martha and concentrating on the war and his men. Lieutenant Jimmy Cross made the wisest decision for his men to guard them from hurt.

Emily Dickinson and Frederick Douglas Literary Form free essay sample

The accompanying paper presents and talks about crafted by Dickinson and Douglas, thinks about their experiences and examines their convictions concerning writing . This paper looks at the manner by which Emily Dickinson is just worried about herself and her artistic expression, while Frederick Douglas is just worried about consummation slaving and has no worry about being capable in his utilization of abstract structure. Remembered for this paper is where Dickinson and Douglas meet, and talk about what their composing professions intend to them. First and foremost, two creators couldn't appear to be increasingly changed. Frederick Douglass was brought into the world a slave, and his name was not by any means Douglass, he transformed it later. After a few proprietors moved him to and fro between them, he fled from his lord, and in the end bought his opportunity. He consumed his time on earth attempting to instruct the world about the predicament of slaves in the United States. ;In spite of the fact that I was not a killer escaping from equity I felt maybe very as hopeless as such a criminal;I arrived at New York Tuesday morning, having finished the excursion in under twenty-four hours. We will compose a custom exposition test on Emily Dickinson and Frederick Douglas Literary Form or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Such is quickly the way of my getaway from subjugation and the finish of my experience as a slave. Different sections will recount to an incredible narrative as a freeman;

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Good Narrative Essay Topics That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Good Narrative Essay Topics That Only a Few People Know Exist The Lost Secret of Good Narrative Essay Topics Post your request ahead of time or attempt to find competent individuals who could have done a similar assignment. Secondly, pick the degree of detail that you're likely to use. Therefore, in case you have not written such a paper before, we've put together some great strategies and topic examples to steer you through. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the vast majority of our clients require is essay writing. 1 day you're sitting under a big tree. For some, it might be the very first time they've been away from family for a drawn-out period. Thus, it's important to compose an attractive paper if you want a simple time in school. For that reason, it's vital that you compose an appealing personal narrative paper if you wish to have a simple time while in school. What Good Narrative Essay Topics Is - a nd What it Is Not Once you are finished with the whole paper, think about revising the task thoroughly. Adoption quotes are extremely helpful for writing the paper on the subject under consideration. Therefore, if you cannot select an intriguing topic for your adoption paper, you might google and decide on an intriguing quote to develop into the foundation for the writing. Consider these points for an excellent adoption essay. The Advantages of Good Narrative Essay Topics Some of the greatest writers on earth suffer from the issue of having nothing good to write about. Think of what your life would be like, the way that it would differ living more than 200 decades ago. Think about where you would like to be in five decades. Write a story about dwelling in a world with no money. Good Narrative Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! An adoption essay is a sort writing, which comprises the info about child adoption. The writer may concentrate on the procedure and requirements for adopting such a kid. In addition, it's essential to mention there are several sorts of adoption. Adoption is a legal procedure for adopting a kid. Whispered Good Narrative Essay Topics Secrets While it seems there are lots of possibilities for getting a superb sample, you need to be cautious and honest. If it's the first time you're likely to use our article writing service, you most likely have a lot of questions. As a consequence, the collection of topic doesn't matter as the writer should keep in mind that everything is under his control in a narrative essay. To make sure that you will locate a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that is always online. All great narrative essay topics have to be done justice to and the only means to do that is by writing interesting content. The significance of experiencing a superior essay topic is unparalleled. An essay was defined in a number of means. A superb interview essay should create the reader f eel as though they're the person who's asking the questions. Amidst all the haste and confusion linked to finding good narrative essay topics for your essay, individuals have a tendency to forget they need to conclude everything properly. The ideal way to attract your audience interest in your essay is to pick the topic. The most important point is the fact that it needs to have a crystal clear perspective underneath, which means that your audience can understand your beliefs and opinions. It's a good idea to write and share your individual stories with different men and women. Good Narrative Essay Topics Ultimately, a narrative isn't only a very simple story. Narrative essays tell a story, normally in the first-person viewpoint, and include a whole lot of details to keep the reader interested. They should have a clear conclusion to end the story and highlight the important parts of the story. Writing a narrative essay is all about telling a story using your initial voice. The Downside Risk of Good Narrative Essay Topics Alternativel y, you can find with an awesome paper by producing a story that describes memorable events in your life, or you may chat about your role model. An individual must observe how the endeavor of writing narrative essays is to be accomplished with care, dedication and creativity. So whenever you're writing a report, you're harnessing the entire might of culture to your life. The largest approach to produce the writing process easier is to seek out a compelling example to follow. Narrative essays don't have such arguments. Nowadays it's quite hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. Should you do, then you ought to know how to compose personal narrative essays. At times it can be challenging to write really intriguing and exciting essay of the fantastic quality. Want to Know More About Good Narrative Essay Topics? Narrative essay is just one of the genres that enable students to produce their creative side and imaginations that could produce the composition an intrigu ing read. In it, the author places a personal experience within the context of a bigger theme, like a lesson learned. Superior essayist should utilize appropriate pacing. The personal narrative essay can be absolutely the most enjoyable sort of assignment to write, since it supplies you with a chance to share a meaningful event from your life. It is generally a favorite amongst students because it lets them exercise their writing flair to the maximum. Students, utilize the work chart below to lead you in your own personal narrative writing. Read these tips how to compose a superior narrative essay in college and higher school. Use transition words to earn your text coherent and simple to read. Narrative essays serve wide array of purposes. Don't forget it is possible to compose several phrases about a problem or use a couple of words to spell out the identical point. Choice of word plays an essential part In order to produce your narrative essay interesting, think about cho osing words and phrases carefully.

The Dangers of Online Predators - 1426 Words

With this advance in technology, there has been a major increase of online predators. The internet has been one of the most important technological advancements in this century. The internet has allowed people from all over the world to communicate with family, friends, and strangers. But it has also caused major concern. With everyone communicating through online forums, social networks, and chat rooms, it is impossible to figure out who the people are talking to. With the internet, people are able to live multiple lives. Predators can create different identities, pick new names, lie about their age, and use another person’s picture as their own. By being well educated on this topic, perceptions will be changed by parents and children of how they use the internet. Even though there are many more outlets for online predators to get to who they want than there used to be, there are still a variety of red flags and signs that parents can see to immediately take action, and with that action will come trouble with law enforcement, the accused may face up to 30 years in prison. Also, educating the child and having open communication will help even further. There are also precautions regarding the parent that can help prevent it in the first place. Since technology is increasing so drastically and children are more readily able to access the internet at a much younger age, it is necessary to make online predation more known to parents, and they must be well versed inShow MoreRelatedSocial Sites: Virtual Playgrounds or Predatory Hunting Grounds956 Words   |  4 Pagesinternet has become a raving craze, but the debate of online safety measures necessary for children using social sites has become a hot topic of discussion. Social sites open the door to online interaction with friends, relatives, and classmates; but they also enhance the risk of interaction with online predators. Representative Michael Fitzpatrick, from Pennsylvania, is a sponsor of the Deleting Online Predators Act. He is an advocate for extreme online restrictions for children who use social-networkingRead MoreOnline Predators and the Need for Preventative Measures Essay example1103 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancing, online predators continue to become more successful in what they do. The internet is an ideal network for pedophiles to pursue their interests and fixations with young children. It enables them to locate and interact with adolescents more rapidly than ever before. Although the idea of pedophiles luring children in on the internet is a horrifying image, it is happening. It is through the internet’s easy accessibility that children continue to become vulnerable to these internet predators whileRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Improve Children s Communication1395 Words   |  6 Pages in order to create an account, through which the user can have access to millions of other profiles and their shared data. The personal information used to cre ate an account is not verified and could be effortlessly made-up, making it easy for predators to create profiles with bogus information and, allowing them to pose as someone else. Many parents consider that these social networking sites enhance their children’s communication skills and social connections, while serving as a form of entertainingRead MoreThe Dangers Our Children Face on the Internet Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing number of dangers on the Internet. Sexual predators, cyber bullying, and pornography are the most prevalent dangers our children face on the Internet; the best way to protect them is to be an involved and informed Parent. Sexual predators on the Internet are a topic that has received lots of attention from the media in recent years. Shows like Datelines: To Catch a Predator have highlighted the issue and shown that it can happen in even the smallest communities. For predators the Internet providesRead MoreThe Dangers of Social Media1290 Wo rds   |  5 PagesSocial Media is dangerous. Predators uses websites like social network, sexting, online gaming and chat rooms to harass and can lead to many dangerous situations. Many students send inappropriate pictures, videos of themselves to their friends and they send it to other friends. Anonymous people can see these pictures and send hurtful messages to teenagers. It could harm teenagers because students in school begins to call names and bully them which increases students to commit suicide. SuicideRead MoreAn Unsupervised Child On The Internet917 Words   |  4 Pagescomputer and I would go on it habitually, my parents never monitored what I was doing or who I was speaking to. Mainly because they didn’t know how, or they weren’t aware of the advances that technology brought into play. They weren’t aware of the dangers that could arise from leaving an unsupervised child on the internet. A large portion of parents fall into any of the following categories, they’re too busy to check their child’s internet usage, they don’t know how to check their child’s internetRead MoreTechnology Is A Wonderful And Ever Advancing Science That1731 Words   |  7 Pageshide activities from their parents. It has been found that 94% of parents talk to their children about what is appropriate for them to share online while 95% of them discuss what is appropriate for them to view online. A Pew Research Center survey of parents of 13-17 year olds found that today’s parents take a wide range of actions to monitor their teens’ online lives and to encourage their child to use technology in an appropriate and responsible manner. When it comes to monitoring their children’sRead MoreBenefits Of Internet Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesavoiding illiteracy. Not many studies have been done to prove how beneficial the internet can be or can be considered detrimental to them, but the use of technology can increase the concerns of online safety. It can cause all types online risks to young children such as cyberbullying and online predators by becoming harmful to them. Sometimes over using the internet as an outlet for everything can become a problem that is overused that usually leads into an addiction. Despite the amount of researchRead MoreShould Kids Be Allowed? The World Of Facebook?938 Words   |  4 Pagesinternet, the required age to be on Facebook should be sixteen because kids are immature and are more susceptible to predators when online. Children are not developed enough to handle the immediacy of social media. Young teens believe they can get away with bullying others online because of the â€Å"privacy† social media provides. Preteens don’t understand that once something is published online it never can be erased or deleted. Soon schoolyard taunts and squabbles turn into much bigger harassment cases withoutRead MoreOnline Dating - Breanna Social Media1598 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Dating - Breanna Social Media has become the new thing to be used for online dating. In this day and time, it is not uncommon to meet someone over the internet through various sites that have been created for the public to do just that, COMMUNICATE! Aside from meeting people on your normal sites like Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter, there are now special sites that have been around for some time now that are geared solely towards online dating. These sites have even went

The Four Fundamental Business Resources - 916 Words

) The term â€Å"business† is best defined as an organized attempt of individuals and organizations to sell and produce something for the needs and/or satisfaction of society. The four fundamental business resources are human resources, people who labor for the company in exchange for payment; material resources, which constitute all the material elements of a product, equipment and structures; informational resources, which provides information to management on the overall efficiency of the three remaining resources; and financial resources which is the aspect that keeps all aspects of the industry running through a steady stream of allocates money to the different branches. 2) Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism are all products of a society’s effort to attempt to perpetuate an ideology that aims to better the lives of those who fall in their category. However, that is where their similarities end. Capitalism, the system in which the individual can decide his use of the currency, property or industry owned by him, is radically different from communism, the system in which the individual receives and bestows upon the government what they need, and has absolutely no privately-owned property because the government owns it in its entirety. Characteristics of the two can be found in socialism, which aims at fair dispensation of resources, government control of industries of paramount importance whereas citizens might own small businesses, and the government decides what will beShow MoreRelatedThe Four Fundamental Business Resources1381 Words   |  6 Pages 1) Business is best described as an organized effort of individuals and organizations to produce and sell for profit. The four fundamental business resources that must be combined to organize and operate a business are human resources, material resources, informational resources, and financial resources. Human resources entails anyone used to provide a service which can include someone such as an accountant. Material resources are materials that provide any usefulness to a company. These can includeRead MoreThe Economic Problem Of The Market Economy1237 Words   |  5 Pageswants with a scarce amount of resources. They only current solution is to make decisions as the desire of satisfying all wants is not possible. Economics is the about the allocation of limited resources in the best possible way in order to satisfy needs (items essential for survival – food and shelter) and wants (not necessities, but provide satisfaction and assist achievement of higher standard of living) . In order to choose where to allocate resources, four fundamental questions must be attemptedRead MoreBusiness Fundamentals Serve As The Foundation For All Business Pathways925 Words   |  4 Pagesknowing the fundamentals. This may seem old-fashioned or trite in the days of instant on-line information, but mastery of the fundamentals will always make getting the desired results easier. This is especially true in business; business fundamentals serve as the foundation for all business pathways. Every business requires the mastery of four basic, yet important, concepts to function and compete: capital, marketing, leadership, and people. In the world of business, these fundamentals are configuredRead MoreThe Four Functions of Management1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Four Functions of Management Management is the process of working with other and capital to achieve organizational goals. Also management is defining as creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is accomplished through the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization s resources in a way that finish its mission and objectives. Every good manager, supervisor or leader does those tings both effectivelyRead MoreChristian Ethics : The Conduct Of Business1127 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Ethics in the Conduct of Business The Bible, which is the basis of Christian doctrine, speaks comprehensively and authoritatively to all occurrences in society, including business conduct. A critical analysis shows that Christian ethics offer an effective framework to conduct proper business, commerce, and trade. Christian doctrine can be applied on all parts of business including human resource management, production, and advertising among other business functions. This paper aims to showRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1370 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness personalities, government officials, and loans are hedging more attention on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The core issue is the appropriate responsibility of business. In as much as firms ought to obey the law, but beyond complete compliance with environmental laws, the question is whether firms have extra social responsibilities to commit part of their resources to environmental preservation voluntarily. This memo provides an exploratory investigation of the linkRead MoreEssay on Marketing Decisions and Business Strategy1077 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Making Sure That Marketing Decisions Match the Business Strategy† 1. Comment of this statement: â€Å"Strategies most often fail because they aren’t executed well. Things that are supposed to happen don’t happen.† A successful business strategy can help companies effectively execute and stay ahead of the competition. Maintaining strategic direction and relentlessly executing - rather than reacting to competitive conditions - is the most consistent route to success. Along with a successful strategyRead MoreFour Principles Of Management : The Four Functions Of Management937 Words   |  4 Pages The Four Functions of Management There are four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The four basic principles of management found in all businesses and corporations. Management is a process designed to achieve an organizations objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment. Planning the process of determining the organizations objectives and deciding how to accomplish them. The planning of a business includesRead MoreAcc 225 Week 9 Acc225 Week 91556 Words   |  7 PagesStatements  · Resource: Fundamental Accounting Principles, Ch. 1  · Due Date: Day 5 [post to the Individual forum]  · Consider that you have been asked to explain financial statements to someone who knows nothing about accounting.  · Review the information on financial statements in Ch. 1 of Fundamental Accounting Principles.  · Discuss, in 200 300 words, each of the four financial statements. Explain the different components of the statements as well as what the statements tell about a business ACC 225Read MoreDescription Of A Australian Occupant1739 Words   |  7 PagesDictionary was characterized the lives test importance in fitting. The spot where the individual was dwelled is the one of the subject of truth in FC of T v Miller (1946). It has four elements like 1) the citizens aim is nearness, 2) the citizen s family and business ties, 3) the support and the area of the citizens resources, 4) the citizens was course of action of social and living. The late case Joachim v FC of T 2002 ATC 2088 concurring this, the sailor was relocated from the Sir Lanka to Australia

Presentation of the Monk and the Pardoner Essay Example For Students

Presentation of the Monk and the Pardoner Essay In the prologue for the Pardoner and the Monk Chaucer satirises both characters, the Monk is only satirised lightly in his choice of vocation, whereas the Pardoner is satirised much more harshly for his morals.  As a member of the church, the Monk should devote his time to religious matters, for example coping out the bible by hand. The Monk however is satirised by Chaucer for neglecting his duties, many times in the prologue, An outridere, that loved venerie  Ful many a deyntee hors hadde he in stable  This tells us that he had a lot of horses and loved hunting, not a sport encouraged by the church, in fact banned by them. There is not a direct criticism of the Monk contained within the description of the Monks actions, all it tells us is that Chaucer believes that the his priorities are confused,  And whan he rood, men mighte his briel heere  Ginglen in a whistlinge wind als cleere  And eek as loude as dooth the chapel belle  This indicates that the bells on his bridle were as attractive to him as the church bells, which were supposed to call him to prayer, this again criticises his actions as a monk not as a person. The Monk obviously is an obsessed hunts man,  Grehoundes he hadde as swift as fowel in flight;  Of priking and of hunting for the hare  Was al his lust, for no cost wolde he spare  Once again this for a normal man would not be wrong, but for a man of the cloth this is totally the wrong thing to be interested in.  He then tries to justify his priorities, of hunting, by claiming to be a new style of monk, where the old rules do not count.  The reule of Seint Maure or of Seint Beneit  By cause that it was old and somdel streit  This ilke Monl leet olde thinges pace,  And heeld after the newe world the space.  He yaf nat of that text a puled hen  This says that he does not follow the rules written by Saint Maur or Saint Benet, which were written as the day to day guide for how people should live their lives, which was a very blasphemous view for that time. He yaf nat of that text a puled hen,  That seith that hunters ben nat hooly men,  He is trying to defend his actions with an argument that is absolutely absurd, hunting which is the killing of animals, is against all of the teachings of the bible which tells one to preserve and care for life.  As well as devoting their lives to the monastery monks should give up all material possessions and live a life of near poverty, however the Monk does not seem to have obeyed this rule,  with gris, and that the fineste of a lond  And, for festne his hood under his chin  He hadde of gold ywroght a ful curious pin. This tells us that he had had the finest fur lined cuffs, which would have been expensive, he also has a gold pin fastening his hood, which is a fashion statement, not an appropriate type of clothing for a monk. Most people when they think of a monk imagine a pallid faced man with sunken cheeks, as he has not been eating well, however Chaucer describes the Monk in a different way,  He was a lord ful fat and in good point

Archaeology and Land Snails A Practical Write-Up Essay Sample free essay sample

Land snails are used as an archeological methodological analysis of retracing the yesteryear and are an environmental method that can make full in the spreads of other methods. For illustration. pollen and macroscopic works affair survey show the general alteration of a big country and merely survive when waterlogged. Chalk lands are premier archeological landscapes utile for survey and land snail grounds can last in them where other grounds can non. Besides. as oppose to stand foring a big graduated table generalized country land snails indicate a local environment. This is because land snails. like many insects. make non travel far and when the environment alterations they do non accommodate. but alternatively ever necessitate a specific home ground or a little figure of suited home grounds. There are over 118 species of land snail and bullet in the British zoology and there have been merely a little figure of extinctions. This along with their rareness in version or alteration mea ns the modern snails can be studied and each of their different home ground penchants understood. We will write a custom essay sample on Archaeology and Land Snails: A Practical Write-Up Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are besides really sensitive to alter in land usage. All of these points mean that the presence of certain types of snail show a really specific environment which can be narrowed down by designation of these and used to demo a past environment. Snails are identified archaeologically by shell morphology because any soft tissue has been antecedently destroyed. Whilst most gatherings will incorporate a bulk of broken shells each one is improbable to keep over 30 types of snail species so designation of a little figure of these can shortly take to a general form of the figure and types that are within the sample being studied. Differences in the axis. vertex. coil. steeple. columella. oral cavity. lip and the overall form and color lead to the morphology of a preserved snail shell. Whilst many look similar subtle differences in these characteristics normally lead to a reasonably certain decision. However. some such as Ceciliodes acicula can be highly hard to place as it buries itself to over 2m under the land so can acquire confused in str atigraphic beds. The methodological analysiss for snail shell analysation start before designation nevertheless. and get down with extraction from the dirt. The extracted shells are originally separated into groups that are utile and are non utile. The archaeologically valuable stuffs are floated so sieved into different sized mesh’s. the residue of which is dried and so taken from the flots left over. This is the point at which the samples were viewed in practical survey. During the practical undertaken on the ditch in Wiltshire. Microscopes were used to see the snails which can be less than one millimeter. In the session a soft coppice was used to first divide the shells from the priceless residue so separately studied to seek for specifying characteristics within the shell in order to bespeak the species of snail. Once a species was identified the remainder of the sample was looked at to happen other of these species in order to find the Minimum Number ( MNI ) nowadays within the sample. Th is procedure was repeated for every bit many snail species as possible. From the practical the information recorded was altered so that each land snail represented a per centum of the overall site gathering for each given clip period. This graph looks at each species of mollusk and gives the sum that this makes up of the entire found. For illustration. the Trichia hispada species was found to do up 2. 82 % of the mollusk in the Early Neolithic gathering. 4. 34 % of the Late Neolithic and 4. 96 % of the Bronze Age gathering numbering at 113 of the species found across the three gatherings. The graph besides shows discreet mention to the home ground penchants of the mollusk with the Woodland species loosely on the left manus side taking into the interlineate snails ( that is the more flexible ) in the in-between whilst the Snails who colonise in Open land have been confined to the left manus side. The ground I have specified that they are loosely put in order is because of the pick to set some species in either the Woodland or Open land classs when they can last in other home grounds. This is strictly because harmonizing to many of my findings they are really much normally found in these countries. for illustration Punctium pygmaeum mollusk can be discriminatory to moisture so can populate in marsh countries. nevertheless they are normally found within the wet topographic points in forests. This is similar for a figure of the other species. some of which will be discussed subsequently in the essay. After discoursing the grouping methods applied in the first graph it is of import to notes that the 2nd graph is more interpretative of the home ground penchants specifically concentrating on the per centums of each of the type of species in all three of the periods found in each stratigraphic bed of the site. From the information found in the 2nd graph ( above ) it is conclusive that the Bronze Age consisted mostly of unfastened land species. Harmonizing to the first graph the Bronze Age was. in this country. dominated by Pupilla Muscorem ( 34. 83 % ) and Vallonia spp. ( 23. 01 % ) species of which are prone to open land proposing an environment made up of Fieldss and grazing lands. This information can be used to understand the lives and economic system of people populating in the country during the Bronze age. It is likely that the unfastened home ground was being used for agribusiness. More grounds for this than the species habitat can be determined from the morphology of the snail species. For illustration. the presence of Pomatia eigans which is a species tolerant/preferential to chalky dirt shows a likeliness of a chalk within the dirt. This means cultivation is likely and the presence of this snail could demo that the dirt should be tested for marks of this. The bronzy age grounds suggests a local alteration from the Late Neolithic period of which shade loving mollusk made up 70. 8 % of the gathering strongly proposing a forest country. For illustration. Carychium tridentatum species make up about 50 % of the Late Neolithic mollusk gathering which can normally be found in deep. stable foliage litter in forests. frequently under broadleaves with lasting foliage litter such as beech. It is of import to observe that it can besides populate wet topographic points which can include fens doing it intermediate to an extent nevertheless after research it is evident that the wet it craves is frequently that which is found outside forest. normally in dense flora which gives a more likely image of a wooded environment for Late Neolithic colonists than a fen of which is improbable to be inhabited. Local alteration is besides evident between the Early and Late Neolithic periods with the lowest stratigraphic bed of the ditch demoing a more assorted consequence. The gathering contains a important figure of both forest and unfastened land snails with merely about 5 % difference between the two every bit good as an 8 % sum of Cathol ic species nowadays. However. when looked at in concurrence with the first graph much of the Woodland implicative consequence is due to the high figure of Carychium tridentatum species found within the ditch which as antecedently mentioned can be seen as more intermediate due to its penchant for wet. As a consequence the information could propose ether a marshy unfastened land or a wooded country with heavy flora surrounding of which the mollusk could be populating. As quoted by J. Evans the marsh inclinations of the Carychium every bit good as the Cochlicopa is â€Å"characteristic but non confined† . A figure of Synathropic species were besides found and can be viewed on the graphs above. Synathropic snails are species that non merely penchant adult male inhabited environments but frequently depend on it. Cochlicopa lubrica and Discus rotundas are two Synathropic snail species that are shown on the first graph to stand for a per centum of each of the ditch beds. There were a sum of 133 Discus rotundas shells discovered in the Early and Late Neolithic beds and 33 Cochlicopa lubrica found across all three beds. This makes up merely a little per centum of each gathering so is non entirely adequate grounds to indicate to a human populated l=environment. However. it does add to the grounds in retracing a likely yesteryear landscape for each of these periods from snail shell grounds. Particularly so as Discus rotundas and Cochlicopa lubrica are thought to be the most common shell mollusks in modern twenty-four hours urbanised Ireland. Cochlicopa lubrica peculiarly colonised on lime howitzer walls constructed by adult male. In farther support of the thought of the presence and activity of adult male there are no anthropophobic species such as Trocholus sercieus nowadays in the information. The findings although ill-defined in some topographic points by and large conform in many ways with the clip period of which they are from. For illustration. during the early Neolithic in Britain extremist alterations took topographic point with the domestication of assorted workss and animate beings which meant that hunter gathers settled more for good and cleared land to bring forth their ain nutrient. Similarly this changed during the ulterior Neolithic between 3500 and 3300 BC when glade of land decreased and alternatively populations moved to countries that were of course agriculturally productive. These of class are general tendencies but to back up the decisions about the Wiltshire ditch that found: that the land was reaso nably pasteurized during the Early Neolithic period. became more Wooded During the latter portion of this Period and by the Bronze age where agribusiness was mature and human tools expanded pasteurised land returned one time once more. Bibliography Allen M. 2012. More about Landsnail Analysis: Mollusc Analysis. Allen Environmental Archaeology. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. themolluscs. com/index. php? option=com_content A ; task=view A ; id=35 ( 29/04/2012 ) Carter S. P. 1990. The Stratiphication and Taphonomy of shells in Calcareous Dirts: Deductions for Land Snail Analysis in Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science Davies P. 2008. Land and Freshwater Molluscs. Oxbow Books Evans J. 1972. Land snails in Archaeology. Oxbow. OxfordKerney M. P. 1999. Atlas of the land and fresh water Molluscs of Britain and Ireland. Harley Books Kerney M. P. and Cameron R. A. D. 1979. Land Snails of Britain and North West Europe. London: Harper Collins Regan E. and Anderson R. 2010. Land and Freshwater. Mollusc Ireland. National Museums Northern Ireland ——————————————–[ 1 ] . Allen M. 2012. More about Landsnail Analysis: Mollusc Analysis. Allen Environmental Archaeology. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. themolluscs. com/index. php? option=com_content A ; task=view A ; id=35 ( 29/04/2012 ) [ 2 ] . Evans J. 1972. Land snails in Archaeology. Oxbow. Oxford [ 3 ] . Evans J. 1972. Land snails in Archaeology. Oxbow. Oxford. page 99 [ 4 ] . Evans J. 1972. Land snails in Archaeology. Oxbow. Oxford.

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buy custom American Airways essay The Pan American World Airways Flight 103, third daily scheduled transatlantic flight from the British capital, London Heathrow Airport to Americas New Yorks John F. Kennedy International Airport. In the year 1988 the month of December, on a Wednesday, the aircraft flying this route- a Boeing 747-121, which took the name Clipper Maid of the Seas, was destroyed by a bomb. Having registered N739PA, shortly was bombed and killed all of it is 243 passengers and the 16 crew members. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body (Alder, 2008). The rest of the wreck was able to scatter at an approximate of 50 miles of distance. It is also recorded that eleven other people were killed in Lockerbie, to the south of Scotland, as a result of the section of the plane fell in the town and destroyed several houses that added to causality level of a total of fatalities of 270. The Gulf Wer triggered by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990 sent fuel prices sky-rocketing, which harshly depressed global economic activity. This in turn caused a sharp slimming down of worldwide air travel demand, this plunged the profits obtained from operations including Pan Am's chief transatlantic routes into deep losses. Flight 103 was over Lockerbie when it exploded. Many residents explained the sky lighting up and a large, deafening roar. People who the plane immediately saw it come down quickly to pieces. It was witnessed by the large pieces of the plane scattered on the ground right in the field, at the backyard and on faces and on the roof tops. The plane was already on fire before it even hit the ground. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. This is because fuel from the plane was already on fire and as a result. As a result, the event is also known as the Lockerbie bombing (Aruba, 2011). Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) was founded on October 27, 1927 seeing that United States of America primary global airline. The petite industry began flying air correspondences connecting Key West, Florida and Havana, Cuba. Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. This undermined the traveling public's confidence in the viability of the reorganized Pan Am pushing the firm to sink further. Pan Am Flight 103 taxied out of the gateway at Heathrow airfield in London by 6:04 p.m. scheduled December 21, 1988 - four days previous to Christmas. The 243 passengers and 16 crew members were preparing themselves for a comparatively lengthy journey to New York. Following taxiing for a few minutes, Flight 103, on a Boeing 747, took-off at 6:25 p.m. They had no thought that they simply had 38 extra minutes to survive. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt (Alder, 2008). At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. . Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day (Aruba, 2011). Via 6:50 p.m., the aircraft had assumed 32,002 feet. At 7:00 p.m., the aircraft exploded. Control had now been providing voyage 103's permission to initiate its deep-sea section of their flight to New York, when Flight 103's jinx went off their radar. A moment soon the one large blip was replaced with manifold blips traveling downwind. . It is recorded that among the 259 people who died, 179 of these people were of American origin. Over and above, it bombing brought a lot of fear and security among the people of America. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. However it is not defined on the terror of the bombing as to the regard of the crash, this bomb and its aftermath was just the most recent in a string of similar events. This is thought to be a revenge of the bombing that was ordered by President Ronald Reagan in the Berlin night club at the Libyas capital and the Libyan city of the Benghazi in the year 1986, which took the name Clipper Maid of the Seas, was destroyed by a bomb. Having registered N739PA, shortly was bombed and killed all of it is 243 passengers and the 16 crew members. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt (Alder, 2008). Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day .At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. The rest of the wreck was able to scatter at an approximate of 50 miles of distance (Aruba, 2011). For the inhabitants of Lockerbie, Scotland, their shock was just about to instigate. "It was like meteors falling from the blue," described a local Ann McPhail. The 243 passengers and 16 crew members were preparing themselves for a comparatively lengthy journey to New York. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. Following taxiing for a few minutes, Flight 103, on a B oeing 747, took-off at 6:25 p.m. They had no thought that they simply had 38 extra minutes to survive (Aruba, 2011). Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day Flight 103 was over Lockerbie when it exploded. Many residents explained the sky lighting up and a large, deafening roar. People who the plane immediately saw it come down quickly to pieces. Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gne is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day It was witnessed by the large pieces of the plane scattered on the ground right in the field, at the backyard and on faces and on the roof tops. Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s (Alder, 2008). To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day. The plane was already on fire before it even hit the ground. This is because fuel from the plane was already on fire and as a result. Some part of the plane that landed on the house tops caused the houses to catch fire as they greatly exploded (Aruba, 2011). It is recorded that one of the planes wings hit the ground in the southern of Lockerbie. The effect of this was that high that it created crater of 155 feet long. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. The rest of the wreck was able to scatter at an approximate of 50 miles of distance (Burns and Mitchell, 2006). Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. It is an estimate of 21 houses of the town of Lockerbie that were destroyed but the number could be higher and 11 people were left death. This meant that the death toll was 270 in total that is 259 aboard the plane plus 11 on the ground (Alder, 2008). The number of those who died was from 21 countries, but the large proportion of these people came from United States of America. It is recorded that among the 259 people who died, 179 of these people were of American origin. Over and above, it bombing brought a lot of fear and security among the people of America. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. However it is not defined on the terror of the bombing as to the regard of the crash, this bomb and its aftermath was just the most recent in a string of similar events. This is thought to be a revenge of the bombing that was ordered by President Ronald Reagan in the Berlin night club at the Libyas capital and the Libyan city of the Benghazi in the year 1986. Pan Am would develop to provide ma inly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result (Aruba, 2011). Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day. This was a belief in the peoples mind that it was retaliation for those bombing in Libya. The petite industry began flying air correspondences connecting Key West, Florida and Havana, Cuba. Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s (Alder, 2008). In the year 1988, the USS Vincennes (a U.S. guided missile cruiser) deliberately shot down the Iranian passenger jet hence killing 290 people on the spot were on board. It was evident this caused as much horror and sorrow as the explosion on Flight 103. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day The U.S. administration claims that the USS Vincennes erroneously recognized the passenger airplane as an F-14 fighter jet (Aruba, 2011). Other individuals believe that the terror attack over Lockerbie was in revenge for this disaster. It is after the air crash that the article in the Newsweek stated, Right after the crash, an article in Newsweek stated, "It would be up to George Bush to decide whether, and how, to retaliate" Does America have any more right to "hit back" than do the Arab countries? (Burns and Mitchell, 2006). This was followed up by an extensive research based on the investigation to what caused the 103 Pan Am Flight to come down. This involved an interview of 15,000 people and examined 180,000 pieces of evidence among the 40 countries. The findings were as follows that the bomb was made from a plastic explosive Semtex and was activated by a timer. This bomb was hidden in a Toshiba radio cassette player which also placed inside a brown Samsonite suitcase. The question that remained unanswered was who actually put the bomb in the suitcase and how it got into plane. According to the investigators they believe they received a big break when a man and his dogs went through the forest of about 80 miles from Lockerbie. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie (Aruba, 2011). Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body. In that cause of walking they found a T- shirt which later turned out to have pieces of the timer in it. After this, it followed a trace of the T-shirt as well as the maker of the timer. The investigators felt confident that they had known who the maker of the T-shirt was and hence who bombed the Flight 103- Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi and Al Amin Khalifa Fhimah. The Pan American World Airways Flight 103, third daily scheduled transatlantic flight from the British capital, London Heathrow Airport to Americas New Yorks John F. Kennedy International Airport. In the year 1988 the month of December, on a Wednesday, the aircraft flying this route- a Boeing 747-121, which took the name Clipper Maid of the Seas, was destroyed by a bomb (Alder, 2008). Having registered N739PA, shortly was bombed and killed all of it is 243 passengers and the 16 crew members. It is also recorded that eleven other people were killed in Lockerbie, to the south of Scotland, as a result of the section of the plane fell in the town and destroyed several houses that added to causality level of a total of fatalities of 270. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body (Aruba, 2011). The petite industry began flying air correspondences connecting Key West, Florida and Havana, Cuba. Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American ciities by the early 1930s. . Pan Am would develop to provide mainly key Latin American cities by the early 1930s. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day. To the gone is one of Pan Am's before time Fokker F-7 aircraft. Operations were rationalized and thousands of employees retrenched. Some feared such efforts would compromise safety, especially if necessary maintenance was deferred to save money, but these fears proved groundless contributing to the continued sinking of the Pan Am airline (Aruba, 2011). The history records that in the year 1935 Pan Am would start the Trans-Pacific service to Manila right in the Philippines through Hawaii, midway Island, and Guam. This later meant that thereafter the Manila service would extend onto Macau and Hong Kong. This service was initially inaugurated with the famous Martin 130"China Clipper" flying boat which is seen on the right. Other individuals believe that the terror attack over Lockerbie was in revenge for this disaster. It is after the air crash that the article in the Newsweek stated, Right after the crash, an article in Newsweek stated, "It would be up to George Bush to decide whether, and how, to retaliate" Does America have any more right to "hit back" than do the Arab countries? This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body (Alder, 2008). In the year 1939 Pan Am started a Trans Atlantic service with the Boeing 314 Yankee Clipper. This resulted to two different ways to operated on this point in time. The first one was the northern route that did include stops in Newfoundland and Ireland en route to South Hampton. The southern direction operated passing through Bermuda the Azores en route to Lisbon, Portugal Marseille, France. These routes would be abridged and eliminated as warfare spread all through Europe with the outburst of World War II. The 243 passengers and 16 crew members were preparing themselves for a comparatively lengthy journey to New York. Following taxiing for a few minutes, Flight 103, on a Boeing 747, took-off at 6:25 p.m. They had no thought that they simply had 38 extra minutes to survive. At this time, the eruption of the war Pan Am made them have an extensive experience with the long distance flying than the US Air Force. This greatly helped to offer unmerged assistance directed to the US in buil ding airports all around the world. This included training of the pilots (Aruba, 2011). At the eruption of the war Pan Am had more experience with long distance flying than the US Air Force and was able to offer unparalleled assistance to the United States in building airports around the globe, training pilots, navigators and radio operators, ferrying supplies aircraft as well as flying special critical missions. Pan Am's most famous flight of World War II was carrying President Roosevelt to Africa to meet with Stalin Churchill. The President flew on his birthday and is seen on the right enjoying birthday cake aboard a Pan Am B314 Clipper (Aruba, 2011). The pan Am airline also suffered from skewed financial policies of the federal government who lent other airlines from other countries like Japan at lower interest rate than its own pan Am airline worsening its financial viability. There were also the discrepancies in fees charged on landing from other Airlines which happened to be higher for Pan Am than other Airline companies. By the mid-1970s, Pan Am had accumulated losses and its debts approached high unmanageable figures. This threatened the airline with bankruptcy. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body (Burns and Mitchell, 2006). The rival firms convinced the congress that Pan Am would use its political influence to monopolize most of the US air routes and this led to the authorities repeatedly denying the airline permission to operate within the United States, as a result of an amalgamation with another airline. As a result, Pan Am remained an American carrier operating international routes only which consequently affected its profit margin and the entire financial muscle. This situation was further worsened by the deregulation of most Airline industries which compelled most of the US domestic operators who began competing with Pan Am internationally substantially reducing their market size (Burns and Mitchell, 2006). Pan American decision not to take delivery of the A320s and to put up for sale its delivery positions to Banff meant that the greater part of its short-haul US domestic and European mainline feeder routes, as well as most of its IGS services, continued to be flown with technologically obsolete 727s. This put it at a business disadvantage against rivals operating state-of-the-art aircraft with a greater passenger appeal facilitating its operational and financial woes. On December 21, 1988, the terrorist bombing of Pan Am flight 103above Lockerbie, Scotland,resulted in 270 dead Pan Am's iconic image had made it a constant target for terrorists, resulting in many travelers avoiding the airline as they had begun to associate it with danger. The firm was also found to be suffering from security lapses which led to it being fined by the FAA to the advantage of other rival airlines that suffered less damage over the same. This effect was able to displace an approximate of 1500 tons of dirt. At four miles, the nose of the plane was able to discover in the town of Lockerbie. Many of those witnessed this circumstance, humorously said that this reminded them of the nose of the fishs head cut from its body (Alder, 2008). The Gulf War triggered by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990 sent fuel prices sky-rocketing, which harshly depressed global economic activity. This in turn caused a sharp slimming down of worldwide air travel demand, this plunged the profits obtained from operations including Pan Am's chief transatlantic routes into deep losses. These unexpected events constituted an additional major blow to Pan Am, which was still reeling from the 1988 disaster. All these events forced Pan Am to sell most of its routes serving London Heathrow arguably Pan Am's most important international destination to United Airlines leading to subsequent cost cutting measures accompanied by the elimination of 2,500 jobs which represented 8.6% of its total work force (Burns and Mitchell, 2006). After so many challenges in the Pan Am airlines it set out to re launch in 1991 which was accompanied by additional costs. Pan Am continued to sustain deep losses as result. Its revenue throughout the re launching year of 1991 fell short of what had been anticipated in the reorganization plan, with claims that Pan Am was losing millions of dollars a day. This undermined the traveling public's confidence in the viability of the reorganized Pan Am pushing the firm to sink further (Alder, 2008). Due to pressure to survive, Pan Am airlines cut wages and other terminal benefits, but this strategy resulted in strikes and worse productivity. Operations were rationalized and thousands of employees retrenched. Some feared such efforts would compromise safety, especially if necessary maintenance was deferred to save money, but these fears proved groundless contributing to the continued sinking of the Pan Am airline (Burns and Mitchell, 2006). Inconsistent management practices experienced by the Pan Am airline were also responsible for the performance dwindle that led to its ultimate downfall. This was attributed to frequent management turnover with varying policies that affected the flow of operations in the firm (Burns and Mitchell, 2006). Buy custom American Airways essay

International Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Entrepreneurship - Essay Example People often misunderstand the terms entrepreneurs and leaders, it is perceived that both the terms are synonymous but in reality it is not so. The traits of an entrepreneur are quite similar to that of a leader but it is unfair to say that both the terms are synonymous. This paper is going to deal with the risks which the entrepreneurs take and the dividends the same pays at a later stage. The word seminal means original and influential. These two are the most important qualities expected of any entrepreneur. It is very important that an entrepreneur sustains the growth of the company and at the same should look forward to increasing the same and it becomes highly imperative that the company uses innovation and creativity. An entrepreneur is expected to have a drive which can take the company to another level altogether. The hunger of the entrepreneur should reflect in the activities of the company. Entrepreneurship is considered to be very risky and trick, simply because many new ventures fail to perform as expected. "Most commonly, the term entrepreneur applies to someone who creates value by offering a product or service. Entrepreneurs often have strong beliefs about a market opportunity and organize their resources effectively to accomplish an outcome that changes existing interactions." ( Wikipedia, August 21, 2008). People who think out of the box, in the sense that, those who are able to see an oppurtunity and react according to the situation usually become entreprenuers. Eutreprenership contributes immensely to economy of that particular country, it also creates many job openings for the people. There are many views of the entrepreneurs for instance the classical view, the psychological etc, innovation falls under classical view of the entrepreneurs and it is based on the assumption that the entrepreneur is doing rather than owning. Innovation provides the entrepreneur with a great start and enables early growth in the organization. The risk faced by the international entrepreneurs is much high than the domestic entrepreneurs. This is also because the activities of a foreign market are much more complex than the domestic market. The international entrepreneurs take full advantage of their access to the foreign markets and availability of cheap labor but everything comes at a price, they also have to adjust to the foreign culture quickly, failing to do so would go on to produce undesirable results for sure. The market power of an entrepreneur is increased by the movement in the market power. The same helps the entrepreneur in spreading the risk and leveraging faster returns on new products. To be an entrepreneur one needs to have greater independence and self -fulfillment. When a person becomes an entrepreneur, he/she becomes self employed and it is

Xray Crystallography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Xray Crystallography - Research Paper Example With the advancement in technology and discovery of X-rays, crystallographers found a powerful source of obtaining complete information about any type of crystal. With a wavelength of the order of 1010, comparable to that of the diameter of an atom, X-rays have the ability to penetrate into the crystal and get diffracted by atom, ions or molecules in their way. With the discovery of this technique in 1940s, the scientists used the specific wave-particle nature of X-rays to determine the arrangement of the constituent specie in a crystal. Crystal and its pattern: Crystal is a three dimensional pattern obtained by the repetition of unit cell, the smallest possible, arranged volume of any crystalline solid. In crystals, the atoms, ions or molecule (the constituent species) are held into their orderly arranged positions by inter atomic, inter ionic or inter molecular forces respectively. The scientists were searching for a way to determine the pattern of their arrangement. Once the patte rn could be known, all the other information about the substance was easy to get. Crystals were not studied, deeply, until the 17th century. â€Å"Crystal symmetry was first investigated experimentally by Nicolas Steno (1669), who showed that the angles between the faces are the same in every exemplar of a particular type of crystal, and by Rene Just Hauy (1784), who discovered that every face of a crystal can be described by simple stacking patterns of blocks of the same shape and size.† (â€Å"X-ray Crystallography. Wikipedia†)... Only X-rays have the ability to penetrate into a crystal and determine the three dimensional pattern by getting diffracted by the constituent particles. The technique of X-ray Crystallography: X-ray Crystallography uses a focused X-ray beam to reveal the structure of a crystal. X-rays strike the particles in a crystal and spread into many specific directions. Censors present around the crystal then cense the angle of diffraction and the strength of the beam reaching them. The pattern produced by the diffraction of X-rays through the closely spaced lattice of atoms is recorded and analyzed to reveal the structure of the crystal. The very basic fact exploited by this technique is that X-rays are diffracted by crystals. With the invention of this technique, Crystallography was completely revolutionized and improved. X-rays and their production: â€Å"X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between about 0.02 A and 100 A (1A = 10-10meters).† (Nelson) They are produce d when electrons from a cathode strike the electrons in the inner shells of transition elements. As these electrons are hit, the energy from moving electrons is transferred to them. Thus, these electrons excite and during de-excitation, these electrons emit radiations of high energy, whose wavelength lies in the invisible region of electromagnetic spectrum. These high energy, less wavelength possessing waves can penetrate into most of the crystals. X-ray Diffraction and Bragg’s law: As X-rays hit a row of particles in a crystal, they are diffracted. Actually, the diffraction is the interaction of separate waves of X-ray beam. It can be considered as the reflection of X-ray beam from the row of constituent particles that are arranged in a crystal. There are

Rewarding and Punishment the Same Behavior Essay Example for Free

Rewarding and Punishment the Same Behavior Essay What type of reinforcement schedule does random drug testing represent? Is this type of schedule typically effective or ineffective? Answer: The case study â€Å"Professional sports: Rewarding and punishment the same behavior† was about how in a baseball game steroids are being used and the offense which has been caused by it. The type of reinforcement schedule discuss in this case was the random drug testing which presents the fact that most of the times baseball players are not aware of the point that they are taking drugs. This is because they don’t take it intentially but given by their coaches to improve performance of the player in game. According to the case I agree with the decision of commissioner of the baseball. According to his decision, he gave a second chance to the players who did not know that their coaches were giving them drugs. Whereas, he declared a ten day suspension for the first time offenders from playing the game. But congress and the general public was not satisfied so the commissioner incorporated tougher rules to play in the game such as the â€Å"three strikes, and you are out† policy wherein the first time offenders were suspended from playing the game for 50 days, the second time offenders were suspended from playing the game for 100 days and the last one was a ban wherein the player cannot further play the game. Due to the usage of steroids the rules in the other games even became tougher. The NFL and the NBA also had to check their players if they were using drugs while playing the game. The coaches in the baseball game needs to be strict while choosing their best players to play the game. The coaches need to be strict with rules of the game and as well as the players to stop using the usage of steroids in the baseball game. A fine or a suspension is considered as a minor part whereas the ultimate decision to ban the player is the correct decision which is made by the commissioner of baseball. . Whereas to find whether its effective or not we can see that the type of reinforcement schedules that random drug testing represent is the variable interval type. As defined, this type of schedule occurs when a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed. In the case, the reinforcement schedule is done randomly and unexpected. It is typically effective because athletes not aware of the test and when these tests will be taken place. Therefore, athletes are unprepared. Unlike a fixed variable reinforcement schedule, athletes have a fixed time of when the tests will be scheduled so they can prepare and make sure their systems are clean before they take the test. . 2. What are some examples of behaviors in typical organizations that supervisors reward but may actually be detrimental to others or to the organization as a whole? As a manager, what might you do to try to avoid this quandary? . Answer: The main example of a behavior in a typical organization that supervisors reward but may actually be detrimental to others or to the organization as a whole is athletes taking steroids. When athletes take steroids to enhance their performance abilities, they are misleading their managers and their fans. Initially, it may be rewarding because everyone involved gains from the profitability, sports merchandise, increased popularity and success. But in the end, when it is discovered that the athlete achieved recognition with the aid of steroids he destroys his reputation and also his team’s and country’s reputation and the loyalty the fans had for him. If I was a manager, what I might do in order to avoid this quandary, if I was made aware of someone using steroids, I would do a random drug testing as soon as possible instead of having the whole team suffer for that one insubordinate athlete. . If you were the commissioner of baseball, what steps would you take to try to reduce the use of steroids in baseball? Is punishment likely to be the most effective deterrent? Why or why not? Answer: If I was the commissioner of baseball, there are several steps that I would take to try to reduce the use of steroids in baseball. First of all, I would reinforce to all the athletes tha t if someone is caught using steroids they will be thrown off the team. Second, I would continue to do random drug testing. Punishment is not likely to be the most effective deterrent. This will only cause athletes to stop playing and taking steroids for a certain period of time. In addition to it I would also have taken some steps as taken by the commissioner in this case. For the 1st time offender who didn’t know that they were being drugged by their coaches should be suspended for few games. In addition to that the coach must be strictly punished a huge sum of fine plus life time ban from the game. Whereas, for those who have offended it for the first time knowingly, must be suspended for a year plus a heavy amount fine should be imposed on them. And for those who have repeated it should be banned from baseball sport. The second part of the question was â€Å"Is punishment likely to be the most effective deterrent†? For me yes, punishment is the most effective deterrent. It is the competition that everyone loves. The feeling of winning makes many people do anything to achieve it. Even if this means one must cheat to win. Many players used and still use steroids to enhance their muscles so they are stronger during game play. There can be two ways of stopping the player not to use steroids, either by rewarding or by punishing. Rewarding in the sense, we can give incentives to players for not using them but the incentives of winning will be more attractive than these. Therefore one can punish the player if they use those incentives. A player cheats to win money, fans and fame. But if they are found to be using steroids, they will lose their fame and fans and should also be heavily fined. 4. Is it okay to allow potentially unethical behaviors, which on the surface may benefit organizations, to persist? Why or why not? Answer: No, unethical behaviors must not persist even if on the surface they may benefit organizations. For short term it may be beneficial but not in long run. Any unethical behaviors can directly affect the reputation of the organization. And in today’s world a good reputed organization is the most important part of organization building. People like to buy the service or product from a good reputed organization. It creates goodwill of the organization. For example, in context of the given case, organization can be the baseball team and unethical behavior can be the use of steroids by the players. This may help the team to build a strong impression and can help them to win many games as well. But the day general public will learn that the victory is not due to the hard work but rather than steroids, all of their impression will be on stake. They may lose their sponsors, fans and reputation. Same was the case happened with Pakistani cricket team. Few of the players of Pakistani cricket team player, Salman Butt, M. Amir and Asif, were involved in match fixing. They might have earned a lot from that but when it was exposed they were punished. They had to pay double amount of fine of what they earned. In addition to it now none of the companies will like to endorse just players who are involved in unethical activities. In addition to it they lost all their fans. Almost every Pakistani doesn’t like them because they created a bad impression of Pakistan in the global world. As well as destroyed the image of the Pakistani team nationally and internationally. Can you imagine cheating and excellence in the same sentence? What does known cheating and the Hall of Fame have in common? What does shameful and The Hall of Fame have in common? Does known cheating and excellence equal The Hall Of Fame? This debate doesnt have two sides. There are no hairs to split. There are no counter arguments to argue. Cheating is not how to get ahead. Cheating isnt even how to compete. Even if youre never found out, Its a setup for failure elsewhere in life. Anyone that has admitted or has been proven to have used performance enhancing drugs should never even be considered for the Hall Of Fame.

The Word Police by Michiko Kakutani Essay -- The Word Police Michiko K

The Word Police by Michiko Kakutani Michiko Kakutani's essay â€Å"The Word Police† is a refreshing look at a literary world policed by the Politically Correct (P.C.). She pokes fun at the efforts of P.C. policepersons such as Rosalie Maggio, author of The Bias-Free Word Finder, a Dictionary of Nondiscriminatory Language . But in mocking authors like Maggio, Kakutani emphasizes that efforts of the P.C. police are often exaggerated to the point of silliness and can even become a linguistic distraction from the real issues. In fact, such filtering or censorship of words can lead to larger problems within the English language: â€Å"getting upset by phrases like ‘bullish on America' or ‘the City of Brotherly Love' tends to distract attention from the real problems of prejudice and injustice that exist in society at large† (686). According to Kakutani, over-exaggerated political correctness just serves in complicating our words and diluting the messages. But really, the problem in P.C. advice on word-choice is the exaggeration of inclusive ness. Kakutani addresses the P.C. police's righteous motive: â€Å"a vision of a more just, inclusive society in which racism, sexism, and prejudice of all sorts have been erased† (684). But where does one draw the line between writing inclusively and walking on eggshells? What is politically correct? Must writers assume the worst of their audiences when debating whether to mutate the spelling of â€Å"women† to â€Å"womyn† in order to avoid sexist language? The truth is, writing purely inclusively is an arduous task; it requires consistent and careful consideration of many exterior elements such as audience, literary content, and societal context. An examination of these elements reveals just how difficult ... ...eading community. This goes to show that sometimes it takes extreme action to produce meaningful results. Kakutani writes, â€Å"In the case of the politically correct, the prohibition of certain words, phrases and ideas is advanced in the cause of building a brave new world free of racism and hate† (687). In this way, the P.C. motive is honorable. And we learn that accountability can be a worthwhile tool for those who strive to better themselves. Therefore, the efforts of the P.C. police are to be equally criticized and applauded: criticized for over-punishing many of the language-abiding citizens, and applauded for their attentiveness to detail and determination to better our language for the sake of inclusiveness. Works Cited Kakutani, Michiko. â€Å"The Word Police.† The Writer's Presence . Eds. Donald McQuade and Robert Atwan. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003.

Hispanic Social Justice Issue Essay

Domestic violence is an issue that affects women and men of any age, race, cultural or even economical background. Those in the Latino communities face cultural boundaries when they find themselves in an abusive relationship/marriage. Many Latinos identify as Catholic or being raised Catholic, whom do not believe in divorce. Often time’s men are identified as the leader of the family and women are expected to obey their husbands. Latinos who are middle class or low income families find themselves financially strapped to the abuser, with no way out literally. According to this week’s readings the community development model â€Å"has five functions that communities should serve to include: Production-distribution-consumption of goods and services-that are a part of daily living; socialization-which is a process that society transmits prevailing knowledge or social values; social control-where a group influences the behaviors of its members; social participation- which i s the level of involvement of people in social, political and economic processes; and lastly mutual support-which involves encouragement, assistance and cooperation of people in the community† (Kirst-Ashman, 2011, pg. 437). This developmental model is important to most domestic violence causes because the assistance must be readily available both physically and monetarily, plus knowledge of such resources needs to be made known both in English and Spanish so that women have a way out. If society could change people’s behavior towards domestic violence (i.e. reducing stereotypes like she will never leave), and encourage people to seek help this would be a lot less prevalent in Latino communities. There needs to be support and encouragement given to these women that it is indeed ok to leave. The children who are caught in between a physically abusive parent and non-abusive parent need more laws to protect them. There is so much more knowledge out there today about signs of domestic violence and where to start getting help in a local community yet the one thing that holds many women back is the children. Courts often times tie up cases, put the victim at risk, allow the children into potentially dangerous situations and then bash a woman for not leaving her abuser. (I am focusing on women being beaten by men because it is more prevalent even though I am aware that men can be beaten too). Many of these places are underfunded because much of  the money is aimed at awareness, but many of these women leave with practically nothing. The community development model is a good tool yet like social actions while it brings issues to light or creating organizations to deal with the issu e but it get stuck along the way (Holman, 2011, pg.65). Holman said it best regarding social action â€Å"To become truly empowered, a community must move beyond reaction and assert its own agenda, cultivating the internal assets that can provide its members with a high quality life† (2011, pg. 65). With domestic violence a woman needs to be empowered and given the opportunity to move on with her life. But it shouldn’t stop there, some of these women do give back to others of to the domestic violence organizations to ensure this vital asset always remains available to others in need. Communities must become self-sufficient and they are only as good as they believe they are. Reference Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2011). Human behavior in the macro social environment. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Homan, M. S. (2011). Promoting community change: Making it happen in the real world. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

The Significance of Writing a Persuasive Speech in MLA Format

The Significance of Writing a Persuasive Speech in MLA Format MLA stands for the Modern Language Association, and this format is used to write papers and cite sources. Why is it important to follow MLA style guide in your work? One reason is that if you are a university student and there is a paper for you to turn in, you should keep in mind, that your work will actually be graded on how you follow this format. It makes perfect sense if you think about it, as the world of education is a highly structured environment and everything has to be in accordance with certain rules. By following such rules and regulations, you are showing serious attitude towards your work and respect towards your professors, who have to check it. And as far as citing sources is concerned, adhering to the MLA format is of paramount importance. You should always stay accountable for the material you are referencing, because in this way you can show yourself to be a credible writer. By including citation source in parentheses you make it possible for the reader to immediately see what work you are citing and familiarize with it if they need to. Besides, use of the MLA style can help you avoid accusations of plagiarism. This is quite understandable and reasonable, when it comes to written text, but why do we need this for persuasive speech, which is essentially a spoken genre? The sole purpose of a persuasive speech is to make others believe what you believe, to convince them that something is true or false. In order to do that you need to build your credibility by providing listeners (and readers) with factual information and by always being ready to cite the sources you acquired it from. How Can You Order A Persuasive Speech At WriteMyPapers.org? You have come to the thought that it would be good to order your persuasive speech written in MLA style with our writing service. You did the right decision as our writers know everything about this type of writing. Placing an order with us is a very simple procedure. You can use an order form that is found on the website. Inside of it, after your registration, you will see the citation styles you will need to select to proceed with an order. So, you need MLA style. Just press the conforming button and head to another fields. What do we need from you to prepare a speech for you? Right, these are the details about your speech. To write it properly, the writer will need to know what exactly it should be about and what length of it is required. All these details you can specify in the fields and add some additional materials, if you have them of course. To make your order clearer for the writer who will be writing it for you, you will be able to chat tete-a-tete in the messenger. You can find it in your personal control panel after you log in the system. When will we assign a writer? Right after we see that you have made a payment for your order, we will start checking our database to find the most suitable expert to get ready with the speech on your topic. The very first draft of the work you will be able to see in your personal area. It will be uploaded right by the deadline you specified while filling out the order form. Then you be able to see the preview of it, approve, and download in the file format you need. Ready? Then press a â€Å"Place an order† button and await for the best possible result!