Quality of Life in Nigeria - 3501 Words

The term ‘quality of life’ (QOL) refers to the general well-being of individuals and societies. The term is used in a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, and politics. â€Å"Warren Buffett, probably the world’s most successful investor, has said that anything good that happened to him could be traced back to the fact that he was born in the right country, the United States, at the right time (1930)†. None of us has a say in where he is born, but we can do something about it for our children. I therefore wish to discuss each factor associated with quality of life as related to Nigeria and plead for suggestions from all of us on how to improve on them so as to make this country a good†¦show more content†¦social conformity, consistency, or inauthentic behaviour.). The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights, which in democratic societies are usually afforded legal protection from the state. * Job security (measured by the unemployment rate): Job security is the probability that an individual will keep his or her job; a job with a high level of job security is such that a person with the job would have a small chance of becoming unemployed. Job security is dependent on economy, prevailing business conditions, and the individuals personal skills. It has been found that people have more job security in times of economic expansion and less in times of a recession. Also, some laws (such as the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964) bolster job security by making it illegal to fire employees for certain reasons. Unemployment rate is a good indicator of job security and the state of the economy and is tracked by economists, government officials, and banks. Typically, government jobs and jobs in education, healthcare and law enforcement are considered very secure while private sector jobs are generally believed to offer lower job security and it usually varies by industry, location, occupation and other factors. Personal factors such as education, work experience, job functional area, work industry, work location, etc., playShow MoreRelatedEssay On Global Health Development1084 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the Lens of Nigeria Nigeria is a lower-middle-income country located in western Africa. Nigeria is one of the fastest growing populations in the world today, growing at a rate of 3.2 percent annually (United States Agency for International Development, 2017). The combination of low income and large population introduces many developmental challenges that Nigeria must overcome in order to decrease individual health risk and increase quality of life. The development of Nigeria is not just effectedRead MoreNigeria s Economy And Natural Resources Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa and the seventh most populated country in the world. It has the 20th largest economy in the world with a $500 billion to $1 trillion Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with an emerging market and large oil and limestone natural resources. This is significant knowing that limestone is a mineral source that is used in most products you use every day including paper, bottles, paint, building supplies, and food. (WIKIPEDIA, 2015) Through maximumRead MoreThe Role Of Power For Private Gain As Defined By The United. Nations Development Programme1610 Words   |  7 PagesBackground: Corruption is the use of entrusted power for private gain as defined by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP 2008). This research studies the effects and consequences of corruption in the Nigeria health care system. 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LITERATURE REVIEW UNILEVER NIGERIA CONCEPTS AND CORERead MoreEssay on Shell Nigeria1322 Words   |  6 Pages Shell Nigeria nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1958 the Royal Dutch/Shell Group started drilling for, transporting and refining oil in Nigeria. Nigeria’s large supply of high quality crude oil helped Shell climb to the top, by 1994 Shell made more money than other company in the world. Everything changed for Shell in 1996 when the world became aware of their unethical business practices in Nigeria. Shell had raped the environment, violated human rights of the Nigerian people and manipulated localRead MoreStrategic Decision Making For Nigerian Companies763 Words   |  4 Pagesthat 32% of executives believe their next big decisions will be around innovating new products or services. The need to survive will be key motivators when it comes to strategic decision making for Nigerian companies over the next five years. (PwC Nigeria – 2016 Report) I wish to use this medium to concentrate mostly on the incentives that stimulates me to pursue further studying and reflect the motives for my choice of an institute, scholarship as well as state my future career objectives. I haveRead MoreMy Experiences And Research Findings On Combating Poverty Essay749 Words   |  3 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to share my experiences and research findings in combating poverty. My UNMDG goal is poverty. The country I draw comparisons from is Nigeria. Through research I will explore ways to prevent, deter and reverse poverty locally. ICED RESEARCH PAPER3 iCED Research Paper Lack of education, high unemployment, food scarcity, food deserts, overcrowded public housing, and minimal government assistance; all contributing factors to poverty. Locally, poverty isn’t hardRead MoreResearch on Elizade Nigeria Limited1686 Words   |  7 PagesAde Ojo was born on June 14, 1934 at Ilara-Mokin in Ondo State, South West of Nigeria. He studied Business Administration at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) and graduated in June, 1965. He has worked with some multinational companies including C.F.A.O., the then British Petroleum (BP) now African Petroleum Plc. Today he is the proud owner of ELIZADE NIGERIA LIMITED with several subsidiaries including Toyota Nigeria Limited, Oodua Creations Limited, Crown and Gold Shipping Company Limited amongRead MoreConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Executives1161 Words   |  5 Pagespotential research study on â€Å"Conflict Management Styles among Corporate Executives in Developing Countries – Nigeria a Case Study† is considered for a signature assignment. Conflict is inevitable and exists everywhere. In organizational system, conflict and methods of conflict management influences different groups (employees, management team and executives). Conflicts are realities of life and can be defined as a â€Å"situation of competition in which the parties involved are quite aware of the incompatibilityRead MoreThe Education Framework Of Nigeria1479 Words   |  6 Pagesbuilding up the forces of thinking and judgment, and by and large of setting oneself up or others mentally for experienced life. The Ministry of Education is responsible for education in Nigeria. The education framework in Nigeria is separated into Kindergarten, essential training, auxiliary training and tertiary training. Foundation Problem The present example of Nigeria Education framework, especially the Tertiary Institutions has been an issue of sensitivity toward the administration, accomplices

William Goldings The Lord of the Flies” is an exploration...

William Golding’s novel â€Å"The Lord of the Flies† is an exploration into the idea of the savage natural instinct of human evil. It is suggested that Golding’s novel is partly based upon his real life experiences with the violence and brutality of World War II. The novel defines the struggle within all humans to differentiate between the learned civilized instinct and the human savage instinct. The civilized instinct is the impulse to obey rules, behave morally, and act lawfully. The savage instinct is the impulse to seek brute power over others, act selfishly, forget morals, and indulge in violence. Early on in the novel the boys elect Ralph as the leader who has a strong civilized instinct. He quickly tries to restore order and†¦show more content†¦As the novel progresses the Jack soon becomes more in touch with his natural savage instincts and his urge for bloodlust. The feud between Ralph and Jack continues to escalate when the hunters are so consumed with hunting and killing that they forget to keep the signal fire lit and the group missing the opportunity to be rescued by a passing ship. The hunters fall deeper into the grip of the savage instinct and are so consumed with the pig they killed that they barley acknowledge the fact that they let the fire go out, and let an opportunity to be rescued slip away. Ralph, Simon, and Piggy represent the idea of the civilizing instinct and that power should be used for good and to help the group. Jack, and Roger represent the savage instinct, and the idea that power should enable those who hold it to act on their own impulses and desires and treat the lesser children badly for their own amusement. The main theme that all humans will revert to their natural savage instinct comes to fruition when Ralph joins the hunt for a large boar. During the hunt Ralph’s savage instincts take over and he gets caught up in the exhilarating chase. The boys then reenact the chase and get so caught up in their savage instinct that they almost kill a boy named Robert who was playing the part of the boar. The fact that even the very civilized and moral Ralph gets caught up in the bloodlust andShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies By William Golding869 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders, used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real-world psychological experiments. A summary of Golding’s Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidenceRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1745 Words   |  7 Pages1954 novel, Lord of the Flies by Nobel Prize-winner William Golding is a dystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition. Set in the midst of a nuclear war, the text details a group of marooned British school boys as they regress to a primitive state. Free from the rules and structures of civilisation and society, the boys split into factions - some attempting to maintain order and achieve common goals; others seek ing anarchy and violence. The novel is based on Golding’s experienceRead MoreBelonging - Hsc 20101713 Words   |  7 PagesThe consideration of Peter Skrzynecki’s ‘Immigrant Chronicles’, William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’ and Matt Ottley’s ‘Requiem for a Beast’ has allowed me to explore the diversity of representations of belonging. My basic understanding developed from viewing belonging as an intrinsic feeling of safety and acceptance within the relationships of an exclusive community. However as we began to analyse Skrzynecki’s anthology and also reflect upon society’s connotations of belonging and simultaneouslyRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies, a classic novel written by William Golding in 1954, investigates the focal theory of human nature and its capability. Golding was encouraged to write this novel after his experiences in the con centration camps during World War 2, on reflecting how poorly the prisoners were treated by the Japanese and the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki led him to thinking how well educated people can portray evilness through such devastating acts. His study and the Lord of the flies examine thatRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of English schoolboys marooned on a tropical island after their plane is shot down during a war. Though the novel is fictional, its exploration of the idea of human evil is at least partly based on Golding’s experience with the real-life violence and brutality of World War II. Free from the rules and structures of civilization and society, the boys on the island in Lord of the Flies descend into savagery. Golding’s experience in World War II had aRead MoreLord of the Flies comparison with DNA3718 Words   |  15 Pages‘Although set in different periods, Lord of the Flies and DNA present similar ideas about good and evil’. How far do you agree with this view? One of the central themes in both William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’ and Dennis Kelly’s ‘DNA’ is good and evil; both texts collectively offering a plethora of theories and ideas about the morals of humans and how they influence their actions. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ a group of British schoolboys are stranded on an island. Far away from the influence of adultsRead MoreLord Of The Flies Character Analysis Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages Analysis of Societal Constructs Displayed in LORD â€Å"We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable; that all men are created equal and independent, that from that equal creation they derive rights inherent and inalienable, among which are the preservation of life, and liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†. This famous phrase that derives from the Declaration of Independence brought forth notion that of all of humanity is to be acknowledged as equal and are guaranteed rights of life which are toRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pagesanother. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies serves as a perfect fictional example of such questioning. Set on an island during World War II, a group of British schoolchildren become stranded on an island and therefore manage to â€Å"escape† the savage war-time conditions at home. However, it quickly becomes evident that savagery abounds on the island as well. Famous and somewhat nihilistic thinker Friedrich Nietzsche would have had insigh tful analysis regarding the interactions in Golding’s Lord of theRead MoreAllegory and Symbols in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies is a novel hardly definable that bounders among many genres. Though we may find typical characteristics of adventure, dystopian or religious fiction, the dealing of symbols turn this as a potentially allegorical novel which can be studied and interpreted through different visions and perspectives. Characters and objects resemble behaviors, historical processes, personality styles and emotions. The narrator found in these the â€Å"objective correlative† to evoke different emotionsRead MoreDissecting the Ideology of Satire Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Marwood Cleese, an English actor, comedian, writer and film producer said, â€Å"If I can get you to laugh with me, you like me better, which makes you more open to my ideas. And if I can persuade you to laugh at the particular point I make, by laughing at it you acknowledge its truth†. The point he brings up is the ideology of satire. Satire, by definition, is a technique utilized by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society. This can be done by using

Analysing Challenges in Managing Global Teams - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysing Challenges in Managing Global Teams. Answer: Introduction Tarique Schuler, (2010) has opined that with increasing competition in the business environment, the business organisations are looking for opportunities of expanding their market share across the domestic boundaries. This has been possible due to the increasing pace of globalisation that has emerged as hot topic in the business world. In this context, Reiche et al., (2016) proposed the fact that the business organisations are moving across the borders for achieving reduced labour costs, technological advantages and economies of scale to achieve competitive advantage. Thus, with expansion of business organisations across the nations, the need for efficiently managing work and expansions cross nationally has increased. This has resulted in forming of teams that consists of multicultural ad geographically dispersed employees, commonly referred to as Global Virtual Teams for executing their strategic projects. As has been put forward by Schuler et al., (2011), virtual teams even though offer several benefits to the organisation on one hand, organisations have to work hard for developing and efficiently managing global teams. The organisations have get involved in developing effective global leaders, engaging the remote employees, forming and developing the global teams, evaluating and monitoring the performance of the distance employees and developing a global mindset. Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects in context to the increasing need for and trend of virtual teams in the present day globally operating business organisations, the researcher in the present study would strive towards identifying and analysing the challenges that are involved in efficiently managing the global teams. In the present study, the researcher would focus upon analysing the challenges faced by the business organisations in managing global teams and thus the entire study would aim are achieving the following research objectives: To gain an understanding of the concept of global virtual projects teams. To analyse the challenges involved in efficiently managing global teams. To investigate ways in which challenges can be managed. Project Scope The present research study would limit its focus to analysing the challenges that are faced by the management in efficiently managing the global teams. Moreover, it would also strive towards providing ways in which the challenges can be met efficiently to enhance the productivity of the global teams. The researcher would limit the scope of the study mainly to the Australian retail organisation operating globally. This is because; it is not possible on the part of the researcher to personally meet the industry experts from different industries and collect their responses. The country Australia has been selected by the researcher for the study since between the tear 2012 to 2016, Australia has been successful in attracting 139 new entrants to the market thereby accounting for seven per cent of the 2000 international brand entrants in the Asia Pacific (Propertycouncil, 2017). So, this facilitates the researcher with the wide range of options for approaching the retail industry experts t o gain an understanding of what challenges they tend to face while managing the global teams. Moreover, taking into consideration the geographic, time and budget constraints, the researcher has limited the sample size to 15 industry experts from four multinational retail organisations operating in Australia. Nydegger Nydegger, (2010) has opined in his study that the global economy drives and forces the business organisations to take active participation in a highly volatile and customer driven market for offering high quality products and services to the customers at competitive prices. In this context, Erez et al., (2013) also proposed the fact that globalisation has also necessitated communication with the clients, colleagues and customers across different cultures and languages. Thus, the virtual team working has emerged as a strategy that is used by the business organisations at present to efficiently respond to global demands. Thus, with an increase in the virtual teams, the global mindsets among the managers, leaders and employees is essential to overcome the challenges that are associated with working across the languages and cultures. It has also been opined by Zander et al., (2012) that the global nature of the economy has increased which in turn has heightened the complexity of the jobs and has emphasised upon enterprise agility that has driven the business organisations to adopt virtual team working into their organisations structures for successfully operating in a changing business environment. The studies conducted by Anantatmula Thomas, (2010) has been observed to be putting forward the fact that virtual team working facilitate the business organisation with several potential benefits that include remote working options for attracting and retaining the employees, enhanced decision making in project management that also depends upon the ability of the firm in placing best individuals together in a team irrespective of their geographical locations and achieving closer contact to customers worldwide. However, in this context, Mendenhall, (2012) revealed that in addition to the benefits associated with virtual team working, there are several challenges that are associated with managing virtual team working and they are challenges involved in efficiently monitoring and evaluating virtual team performance. The other challenges can be listed as follows: Limitations of physical observations Anantatmula Thomas, (2010) put forward the fact that managers and leaders of virtual team while monitoring and evaluating their performance faces the limitation of not being able to physically observe the performance and efforts of the employees. They also have no idea regarding how to implement effective methods to measure the productivity of the employees, develop a sense of trust among the team members and efficiently manage them for achieving enhanced productivity (Deresky, 2017). This is mainly because when the managers are not able to observe their subordinates in action, they cannot determine whether the employees are struggling and excelling thereby making it difficult for the managers to render constructive performance feedback and harness the full potential of the virtual team. As per the studies conducted by Tarique Schuler, (2010), it has been observed that virtual team members often feel organisational injustice when they compare themselves with the ones who are present in the actual workplace. Thus, the virtual team members feel that being out of sight infers being out of mind for career advancements and organisational rewards. Moreover, Pinjani Palvia, (2013) has opined that when the virtual team members perceive that the rewards and benefits awarded are not in alignment with their inputs, their either scale down their efforts to match the rewards and benefits or at time leave the organisation. Thus, the above discussions it is observed that managers face several challenges while managing global teams which if not managed efficiently can lead to financial loss for the business through reduced team productivity and labour turnover. Problem Statement As per the studies conducted by Sarker et al., (2011), it has been observed that global team working has gained importance in the recent times mainly because of the increased globalisation of the organisations and the proliferation of the new network technologies. The global teams are also referred to as virtual teams since they rarely meet in a face to face context and thus face several challenging problems that are generally not associated with the traditional co-located teams. The studies of Crisp Jarvenpaa, (2013) has put forward the fact that with increasing pace of globalisation and need for the business organisations to expand globally, the businesses are supplanting the traditional concept of project management and it is also because of the pressure on the part of the businesses to reduce the cost of operation and need to address the customer problems, developing products, delivering services and tapping a diverse pool of employees across the organisations. Thus, it can be s aid that there exist a challenging task on the part of the management of the business organisations to efficiently manage the global teams and this mainly because of the factors that include the differences that exist in their culture, language, business practices and attitudes related to hierarchy and power. So, it becomes important for the managers and the leaders of the global teams to be cognizant of the differences that exist and thus increase the awareness among the team members regarding the differences that exist. Thus, on the basis of the above aspects, the researcher would analyse the challenges that are faced in managing global teams that would prove to be beneficial for the managers and leaders of the global teams to address the challenges by developing strategies for enhancing the productivity of the global teams. The analysis of the available literature revealed that there exist substantial amount of literature and peer reviewed articles in context to team working, challenges in team working, cultural issues in team working and human resources management (Bartlett Ghoshal, 2002). Thus, it can be said that most of the studies are conducted in context to the issues that are faced by the team members while working in a team. However, there exist limited literature in context to challenges and issues that are faced by the managers and the leaders while managing a global team. Thus, the present study would focus upon incorporating both the existing practical knowledge and the early studies relevant to the area of study to identify the challenges faced in managing global teams and the ways in which the challenges can be addressed. What are challenges that are encountered by the managers while managing global teams and how can these be met? What is a global virtual team? What are challenges involved in efficiently managing global teams? How the challenges can be managed? Research Design and Methodology The researcher would focus upon analysing the challenges that are faced by the managers in the Australian retail sector while managing global teams and so would strive towards collecting both the primary and secondary data for the study. The sources of secondary data would include the existing literature available from peer reviewed articles and journals published online, online industry reports and previously conducted research studies together with research papers available in the library and the lecture notes (Muijs, 2010). The primary data on the other hand would be collected by conducting a questionnaire survey targeted towards the industry experts. In order to suit the purpose and the nature of the undertaken study, the researcher would make an effective use of the performance checklist and time and motion logs as the researcher completed instruments and in context to the subject completed instruments, the researcher would use questionnaires (Sheperis et al., 2016). Quantitative Data Analysis Process In order to analyse the data collected with the help of the questionnaire survey targeted towards the industry experts, the researcher would present the collected data with the help of tables, charts and graphs and use MS Excel software to analyse collected data for identifying the challenges faced by the managers in managing global teams (Boone Boone, 2012). For conducting the questionnaire survey, the researcher would target 15 to 20 industry experts and the survey would be conducted via e-mail to overcome the distance and budget constraints. The researcher in order to select the sample for the survey would use non-probabilistic sampling since the survey would be conducted by seeking due permission from the industry experts and sending and receiving the questionnaire via email (Bryman Bell, 2015). The questions in the questionnaire would be closed ended questions i.e. a limited number of options would be there to choose from. Moreover, closed ended questions would be selected since they are easy to analyse and the researcher before conducting the actual survey would conduct a pilot survey to ensure that the questions are well framed and easy to understand and desired changes would be made as per the received feedback (Lietz, 2010). Reliability and Validity of Data To ensure the validity of the primary data, properly filled in questionnaires would be selected for analysis and questionnaire would be tested through pilot study (Silverman, 2016). For ensuring reliability, the researcher would prevent himself from manipulating the collected data in any form. To ensure reliability of secondary data, only peer reviewed articles and journals would be selected, study materials provided by mentors would be used and research papers in the library would be used for the study (Neuman, 2016). For validity of secondary data, the researcher would include the studies that would be within the time frame of 2010 to 2017. The researcher would face budget constraint and time constraint together with geographic proximity while collecting the data for the study (Marshall Rossman, 2014). Thus, the study would be limited to only 15 to 20 industry experts from the Australian retail industry. Time Schedule Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Introduction Objective Setting for the Research Data (Primary and Secondary) Collection Plan Reviewing the Literature Research Methodology Development Primary Data Collection Interpreting and Analyzing the Primary Data Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion From the above aspects, it can be stated that the research study would be based upon both the primary and secondary data for identifying the challenges faced by managers in managing global teams. References Anantatmula, V., Thomas, M. (2010). Managing global projects: A structured approach for better performance.Project Management Journal,41(2), 60-72. Bartlett, C. Ghoshal, S. (2002). Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. Boston: Harvard Business School Press Boone, H. N., Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing likert data.Journal of extension,50(2), 1-5. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Crisp, C. B., Jarvenpaa, S. L. (2013). Swift trust in global virtual teams.Journal of Personnel Psychology. Deresky, H. (2017). International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R., Shokef, E. (2013). Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 330-355. Lietz, P. (2010). Research into questionnaire design.International Journal of Market Research,52(2), 249-272. Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B. (2014).Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Mendenhall, M. E. (Ed.). (2012).Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Muijs, D. (2010).Doing quantitative research in education with SPSS. Sage. Neuman, W. L. (2016).Understanding research. Pearson. Nydegger, R., Nydegger, L. (2010). Challenges in managing virtual teams.Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER),8(3). Pinjani, P., Palvia, P. (2013). Trust and knowledge sharing in diverse global virtual teams.Information Management,50(4), 144-153. Propertycouncil. (2017).Australian market attracts international retailers. [online] Available at: https://www.propertycouncil.com.au/Web/Content/News/National/2017/Australian_market_attracts_international_retailers.aspx [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Reiche, B. S., Mendenhall, M. E., Stahl, G. K. (Eds.). (2016).Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Sarker, S., Ahuja, M., Sarker, S., Kirkeby, S. (2011). The role of communication and trust in global virtual teams: A social network perspective.Journal of Management Information Systems,28(1), 273-310. Schuler, R. S., Jackson, S. E., Tarique, I. (2011). Global talent management and global talent challenges: Strategic opportunities for IHRM.Journal of World Business,46(4), 506-516. Sheperis, C. J., Young, J. S., Daniels, M. H. (2016).Counseling research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Pearson. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Tarique, I., Schuler, R. S. (2010). Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research.Journal of world business,45(2), 122-133. Tarique, I., Schuler, R. S. (2010). Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research.Journal of world business,45(2), 122-133. Zander, L., Mockaitis, A. I., Butler, C. L. (2012). Leading global teams.Journal of World Business,47(4), 592-603.

Business Law The Legal System

Question: Describe about the Business Law for The Legal System. Answer: The main sources of law in the legal system of Australia are statute law, delegated legislation, treaties and the common law. The main function is to lay standards that help in conducting business with ease and flexibility. Further, the major benefits are discussed below. The main sources of law exist to provide strong support to the business of Australia. For example, the regulation and the law safeguard the consumers, community and leads to fair trade. The main function of the law is to get in touch with the suppliers, customers, etc. The right of the business is clearly defined so that whenever a difference or conflict arises, it can be resolved easily. The competition law is present to have a statutory framework so that trading is fair when it comes to business, as well as consumers (Koffman MacDonald, 2007). The framework is regulated by the ACCC. Along with the legislation, the state and territory law safeguards consumer. A fair trading office is available in every state and territory that provides a balanced guide in terms of rights and duties. Further, the presence of a national statutory structure that helps in regulation of product and information standard. The standards are framed in a manner that does not allow the harmful product to be traded in Australia. The enforcement of standards is done by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Moreover, the state, as well as territory government offices pertaining to fair trading is associated with the enforcement of the rules. The primary role of the state and territory offices is customers assistance (Ewan, 2005). The presence of national privacy legislation in Australia is one of the chief advantages that help in regulating the collection, access, and storage of information. The legislation pertains to a variety of activity. Hence, the smooth conduct of the business in Australia is mainly through the law sources. References Ewan, M 2005, Contract Law - Text, Cases and Materials, Oxford University Press. Koffman L MacDonald E 2007, The Law of Contract, Oxford University Press.

Analysis of Japans Energy Policy

Allowances Available to Members of US Congress

Allowances Available to Members of US Congress If they choose to accept them, all members of the United States Congress are given various allowances intended to cover personal expenses related carrying out their duties. The allowances are provided in addition to the members’ salaries, benefits and allowed outside income. The salary for most senators, representatives, delegates, and the resident commissioner from Puerto Rico is $174,000. The Speaker of the House receives a salary of $223,500. The president pro tempore of the Senate and the majority and minority leaders in the House and Senate receive $193,400. The pay of members of Congress has long been a subject of debate, confusion, and misinformation. Members are paid a salary only during the terms for which they are elected. They do not, as has been widely claimed in social media, receive â€Å"their full salaries for life.† In addition, members do not get additional pay for service on committees, and they are not eligible for housing or per diem allowances for expenses incurred in Washington, DC. Lastly, neither the members of Congress nor their families are exempt from having to pay off their student loans. The salaries of members of Congress have not changed since 2009. Article I, Section 6, of the U.S. Constitution, authorizes compensation for members of Congress â€Å"ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.† Adjustments are governed by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 and the 27th Amendment to the Constitution. According to the Congressional Research Service (CRS) report,  Congressional Salaries and Allowances, the allowances are provided to cover official office expenses, including staff, mail, travel between a Members district or state and Washington, D.C., and other goods and services. Outside Earned Income Representatives and senators are allowed to accept up to 15% of their base salary in permitted â€Å"outside earned income.† Since 2016, the limit on outside income has been $27,495. Since 1991, representatives and senators have been prohibited from accepting honoraria- payment for professional services that are usually rendered free of charge. In the House of Representatives The Members Representational Allowance (MRA) In the  House of Representatives, the Members Representational Allowance (MRA) is made available to help members defray expenses resulting from three specific components of their representational duties: the personal expenses component, the office expenses component, and the mailing expenses component. Use of the MRA allowance is subject to a number of restrictions. For example, members may not use MRA funds to pay or help pay any personal or campaign-related expenses. Members are also prohibited (unless authorized by the House Ethics Committee) from using campaign funds or committee funds to pay for expenses related to official congressional duties; maintaining an unofficial office account; accepting funds or assistance from a private source for an official activity; or using personal funds to pay for franked mail. In addition, each member is responsible for paying any expenses that are in excess of the authorized MRA level or that are not reimbursable under regulations of the Committee on House Administration. Each member receives the same amount of MRA funds for personal expenses. Allowances for office expenses vary from member to member based on the distance between the members home district and Washington, D.C., and the average rent for office space in the members home district. Allowances for mailing vary based on the number of residential mailing addresses in the members home district as reported by the  U.S. Census Bureau. The House sets the funding levels for the MRA annually as part of the  federal budget process. According to the CRS report, the House-passed fiscal year 2017 legislative branch appropriations bill set this funding at $562.6 million. In 2016, each member’s MRA increased by 1% from the 2015 level, and the  MRAs range from $1,207,510 to $1,383,709, with an average of $1,268,520. Most of each members annual MRA allowance is used to pay their office personnel. In 2016, for example, the office personnel allowance for each member was $944,671. Each member is allowed to use their MRA to employ up to  18 full-time, permanent employees. Some primary responsibilities of the congressional staffs in both the House and Senate include analysis and preparation of proposed legislation, legal research, government policy analysis, scheduling, constituent correspondence, and  speech writing. All members are required to provide a quarterly report detailing exactly how they spent their MRA allowances. All House MRA expenditures are reported in the quarterly  Statement of Disbursements of the House. In the Senate The Senators Official Personnel and Office Expense Account In the  U.S. Senate, the Senators Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) is made up three separate allowances: the administrative and clerical assistance allowance, the legislative assistance allowance, and the official office expense allowance. All senators receive the same amount for the legislative assistance allowance. The size of the administrative and clerical assistance allowance and the office expense allowance vary based on the population of the state the senators represent, the distance between their Washington, D.C.  office  and their home states, and limits authorized by the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration. The combined total of the three SOPOEA allowances can be used at the discretion of each Senator to pay for any type of official expenses they incur,  including travel, office personnel or office supplies. However, expenses for mailing are currently limited to $50,000 per fiscal year. The size of the SOPOEA allowances is adjusted and authorized within the Contingent Expenses of the Senate account in the annual legislative branch  appropriations bills  enacted as part of the annual federal budget process. The allowance is provided for the fiscal year. The preliminary list of SOPOEA levels contained in the Senate report accompanying the fiscal year 2017 legislative branch appropriations bill shows a range of $3,043,454 to $4,815,203. The average allowance is $3,306,570. Senators are prohibited from using any portion of their SOPOEA allowance for any personal or political purposes, including campaigning. Payment of any amount spent in excess of a senators SOPOEA allowance must be paid by the senator. Unlike in the House, the size of senators administrative and clerical assistance staff is not specified. Instead, senators are free to structure their staffs as they choose, as long as they do not spend more than provided to them in the administrative and clerical assistance component of their SOPOEA allowance. By law, all SOPOEA expenditures of each senator are published in the  Semiannual Report of the Secretary of the Senate,

The Billabongs Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Billabongs Development - Case Study Example The name of the company- Billabong, means 'a place of stagnant creek water'. Billabong’s logo has 2 parallel and motionless waves. According to the Merchants, this was meant to depict the uniqueness of the Aboriginal culture and its interpretation of an oasis. The main factor that distinguished Billabong’s boards from those produced by other local companies were the triple-stitching method which made Billabong’s surfing boards short and thus more durable.When Billabong first began to market its products to the Australian market in 1975, its products were well received. This allowed for the company to be able to create more products and thus increase sales. By 1981, the Merchants had been able to move to a larger headquarters and reached $1 million in total annual sales. To gain more publicity for their company, they funded competitions such as the World Final Surfing. Billabong would soon branch into other nations such as South Africa, New Zealand, Japan, and the United States.  As the brand grew in popularity, the Merchants made the decision to begin creating other sports apparel. They began to experiment with manufacturing and marketing artifacts such as snowboards. In all the expansion efforts, Gordon Merchant was at the forefront of designing and marketing new brands.The surfing industry would witness great development all through the 1990s as professional surfing profited from a newfound respectability. By the end of the 1990s, the Billabong Corporation had been restructured to take advantage of the growing international opportunities in the sector of board-related sports.